Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Subjects.

From: Decreased Circulating Levels of Dickkopf-1 in Patients with Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration

Characteristic

Healthy controls (n = 111)

Atrophic AMD (n = 46)

Exudative AMD (n = 128)

Sex, n (%)

 Female

56 (50.5)

26 (56.5)

68 (53.1)

 Male

55 (49.5)

20 (43.5)

60 (46.9)

Age (years)

 Mean ± SD

64.99 ± 8.47

65.67 ± 8.55

66.18 ± 8·30

 Median (range)

68 (50–84)

68 (50–80)

68 (50–88)

Smoking, n (%)

 Never

76 (68.5)

30 (65.2)

77 (60.2)

 Former

17 (15.3)

8 (17.4)

23 (17.9)

 Current

18 (16.2)

8 (17.4)

28 (21.9)

Systemic diseases, n (%)

 Hypertension

31 (27.9)

12 (26.1)

38 (29.7)

 Cardiovascular disease

6 (5.4)

3 (6.4)

8 (6.2)

Subtypes of CNV, n

 Classic CNV

  

47

 Occult CNV

  

81

Laterality of exudative AMD, n

 Unilateral

  

93

 Bilateral

  

35

  1. AMD = age-related macular degeneration; CNV =choroidal neovascularization.
  2. Data were expressed as number (%), mean ± SD, or median (range).
  3. Chi-square tests were used for comparisons of the categorical variables; One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparisons of the continuous variable (age).
  4. All P > 0.05 for differences of sex, age, smoking status, hypertension and cardiovascular disease among healthy controls, atrophic AMD and exudative AMD.