Figure 1

Voxel-wise comparisons among the Internet gaming disorder (IGD), Internet gaming control (IGC), and non-gaming control (NGC) groups. Standardized gray matter (GM) density was calculated for visualization. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test detected the difference in (a) the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) among the three groups, and subsequent post hoc t-tests revealed the significant reduction in the IGD group compared with that in the IGC and NGC groups. The IGC group showed a higher GM density in a cluster covering (b) the parahippocampal gyrus and (c) midbrain than the NGC group. The results were adjusted for age and intelligence quotient (IQ). *Significant at P < 0.05.