Figure 3
CKD patients showed obvious dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. The data represent the comparison of the gut bacterial profiles between the CKD patients and the healthy controls, including 31 healthy controls (blue) and 30 CKD patients (red). (a) Principal coordinate analysis illustrating the grouping patterns of the CKD patient group and the control group based on the unweighted UniFrac distances. Each closed circle represents a sample. Distances between any pair of samples represent their dissimilarities. (b) Significantly discriminative taxa between the patients and controls were determined using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe). Only taxa meeting the LDA significance thresholds (>3) are shown. Different coloured regions represent different groups. From the interior to the exterior, each layer represents the phylum, class, order, family, and genus level. (c) Prediction of gene functions between the CKD patients and the controls. Different coloured bar charts represent different groups. (d) Comparison of gut bacterial profiles between two CKD patient subgroups: the high GFR group (GFR ≥ 7 ml/min/1.73 m2) and the low GFR group (GFR < 7 ml/min/1.73 m2). Principal coordinate analysis illustrating the grouping patterns of the CKD patients based on the unweighted UniFrac distances. The data represent 15 GFR high patients (green) and 15 GFR low patients (yellow). Each closed circle represents a sample. (e) Comparison of raw gut mcirobiome data between two CKD patient subgroups. Different coloured bar charts represent different groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine significance between groups. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
