Figure 2

Carbide precipitation. (a) TEM bright-field (BF) image and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) data for austenite in the A700 steel. (b) TEM BF image and EDS data for ferrite. Extremely fine precipitates (size; 5~10 nm) have the higher V content, which indicates that they are V carbides. Coarser precipitates (size; ~20 nm) having higher Mo and V contents are identified to be complex (V + Mo) carbides.