Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Multifaceted catalytic hydrogenation of amides via diverse activation of a sterically confined bipyridine–ruthenium framework

Figure 3

Hydrogenation of aromatic and cyclic amides. Unless otherwise specified, the reaction was performed using 1a (1 mol %), 3 (100 mol%), and NaH (6–10 mol %) in toluene. Pressure indicated is of H2 at 25 °C. nd: not determined. See Supplementary Information for experimental details. (a) Hydrogenation with P H2 = 0.5–3 MPa, T = 80–130 °C. (b) Additive effects on selective C=O bond cleavage in the hydrogenation of a cyclic amide and in the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation of a linear amino alcohol. (c) Possible reaction pathways starting from 3h and 6h under hydrogenation conditions. † 1a was preactivated: P H2(pre) = 1 MPa, T pre = 160 °C, t pre = 5 h.

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