Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Identification and activation of TLR4-mediated signalling pathways by alginate-derived guluronate oligosaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophages

Figure 5

Knockdown of TLR4 with shRNA suppresses GOS-induced activation of signal transduction. (A) RAW264.7 cells were infected with lentivirus expressing either scramble shRNA or TLR4 shRNA. After treatment of LPS (1 μg/ml) (as a positive control) or GOS (1 mg/ml), TLR4 protein expression was detected by Western blotting. (B–D) Phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated p65 (B), mTOR (C) and JNK (D) were detected by Western blotting. (E) iNOS protein expression was assessed by Western blotting. The full-length western blots were presented in supplementary information. (F) Nitrite production in the culture supernatant of treated infected cells was measured by the Griess assay. (G) TNF-α in the culture supernatant of treated infected cells was measured by ELISA. Representative images and results from three independent experiments are shown, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Back to article page