Figure 1
From: Alterations of cerebral perfusion in asymptomatic internal carotid artery steno-occlusive disease

Labeling layout. Labeling was planned by referring to a time-of-flight image where internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries were most identifiable and most perpendicular to the labeling plane. Labeling efficiency (α) was approximately a sinusoidal function of location within a spatial period of encoding (denoted by Lx in the left-right direction and Ly in the anterior-posterior direction, respectively). In this study, 4 steps were played out as shown by sinusoidal curves (1 step in the anterior-posterior direction and 3 harmonic steps in the left-right direction).