Table 1 Enantioselective effects of fipronil enantiomers (R, S) on the mortality and curved body axis of zebrafish larvae from 6 hpf to 120 hpf.

From: Fipronil-induced enantioselective developmental toxicity to zebrafish embryo-larvae involves changes in DNA methylation

Concentration (μg/L)

Mortalitya (mean ± SEM)

Curved body axisb (mean ± SEM)

nc

S

R

S

R

 

Control

0.033 ± 0.033

0.033 ± 0.033

0.04 ± 0.028

0.04 ± 0.028

96

100

0.062 ± 0.047

0.093 ± 0.048

0.021 ± 0.021

0.052 ± 0.01

96

200

0.094 ± 0.065

0.031 ± 0

0.042 ± 0.042

— d

96

400

0.195 ± 0.085

0.174 ± 0.061

0.134 ± 0.046

0.031 ± 0.018*

96

800

0.681 ± 0.11

0.396 ± 0.123*

0.537 ± 0.094

0.261 ± 0.068*

96

LC50/EC50 (μg/L)

674

—

776

—

 
  1. aNumber of mortality of zebrafish larvae over the total number used for statistical analysis.
  2. bNumber of zebrafish larvae with curved body over the total number used for statistical analysis.
  3. cNumber of animals used for statistical analysis.
  4. dNo effects were detectable using the criteria of this study.
  5. *Statistically significant difference between the two enantiomers exposed groups at a level of p < 0.05.
Back to article page