Figure 4

Distribution of CD4⁺ Th cell subsets in peripheral blood (PBMC), menstrual blood (MMC), and term decidua parietalis (DPMC) and production of IFN-γ and IL-17 by CD4⁺ T cells. (a,c) Representative gating for CCR6, CXCR3, and CCR4 on CD4⁺ T cells and for IFN-γ and IL-17 by CD4⁺ T cells from PBMC, MMC, and DPMC. (b) Th1, Th2, Th17, and nonconventional Th1 (Th1-like) CD4⁺ T cells can be classified based on the expression of CCR6, CXCR3, and CCR4³⁴. CCR6⁻CXCR3⁺CCR4⁻, Th1; CCR6⁺CXCR3⁺CCR4⁻, Th1-like; CCR6⁻CXCR3⁻CCR4⁺, Th2; CCR6⁺CXCR3⁻CCR4⁺, Th17 (PBMC n = 17, MMC n = 11, DPMC n = 7). (d) Production of IFN-γ and IL-17 by CD4⁺ T cells from PBMC (n = 12), MMC (n = 15), and DPMC (n = 7). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 (lines indicate mean, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis with Dunns post-hoc test).