Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Beta sitosterol and Daucosterol (phytosterols identified in Grewia tiliaefolia) perturbs cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death in A549 cells

Figure 2

Pre-clinical safety effect of BGT in normal human cells and mice. (a) Cytotoxic effect of BGT on non-cancerous human lung L132 cells at 24 h and 48 h treatment. (b) Light microscopic images of control and BGT treated L132 cells exhibited healthy and normal epithelial morphology. (c) Cytotoxic effect of BGT on human PBMC cells at the indicated concentration for 24 h and 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion method. (d) Light microscopic images of control and BGT treated PBMC cells and arrow heads indicates dead or dye included cells (e,f) Mutagenic and genotoxic effect of BGT on human PBMC cells after 48 h treatment. Mutagenicity and genotoxicity was assessed by ames and comet assays respectively. (g) Histopathological images of BGT treated mice tissue samples by acute and sub-acute toxicity studies. CV-Central Vein, H-Hepatocytes, BV-Blood Vessels, M-Myocardium, A-Alveoli, C- Cortex, G – Glomerulus, A- Artery (Hematoxylin-Eosin stain, 200X). *p < 0.01 denote the statistical significance between the control and treated groups.

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