Figure 1

Multimodal imaging of early to intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from the left eye of an 81-year-old female. The white line in the color fundus photograph (a) indicates the scan line of the polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) B-scan images (c,d,e). An en face projection of the standard OCT image (b). A standard OCT B-scan image (c) showing hyperreflective foci (HRF; white arrow). A pseudocolor image of the corresponding degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU) B-scan image (d) and composite DOPU B-scan OCT images (e) showing depolarization at the HRF (white arrows). The scale bars represent 500 μm × 500 μm. An en face projection image of the minimum DOPU along the whole depth (f) and an en face projection of the minimum DOPU anterior to the retinal pigment epithelium (g), which showed depolarization at corresponding locations of HRF (white arrows). The autofluorescence (AF) images at 787 nm (NIR-AF) (h) and 488 nm (SW-AF) (i) show hyper-AF at corresponding locations of HRF (white arrows). A depolarized light image using the polarization sensitive scanning laser ophthalmoscope (PS-SLO) (j) shows depolarization at corresponding locations of HRF (white arrow).