Table 2 mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in insulin-responsive tissues: adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle from mice fed the control diet (2) or obesogenic diets: high-sugar (HS), high-fat (HF) and high-sugar/high-fat diet (HSHF) for eight weeks.

From: Combination of a high-fat diet with sweetened condensed milk exacerbates inflammation and insulin resistance induced by each separately in mice

Tissue

mRNA

CD

HS

HF

HSHF

eAT

F4/80

1 ± 0.09

2.5 ± 0.36

4.5 ± 0.81

5.7 ± 1.42a

Adiponectin

1.4 ± 0.21

1.1 ± 0.28

0.5 ± 0.10a

0.5 ± 0.18a

Leptin

1.2 ± 0.15

3.9 ± 0.40a

3.0 ± 0.37a

2.4 ± 0.35b

Liver

Collagen

1.1 ± 0.23

2.2 ± 0.37a

1.3 ± 0.28

1.6 ± 0.17

Tnf-α

1.5 ± 0.41

2.9 ± 0.87c

0.7 ± 0.14

1.1 ± 0.27

Soleus Muscle

Leptin

1.1 ± 0.25

0.3 ± 0.07a,c

1.4 ± 0.17

1.1 ± 0.26

Tlr4

1.0 ± 0.11

1.3 ± 0.13

1 ± 0.13

1.6 ± 0.09a,c

  1. mRNA gene expression in the epididymal adipose tissue (n = 6–7/group; Rplp0 as housekeeping gene), liver (n = 10–12/group; 18 S as housekeeping gene) and soleus muscle (n = 6–7/group; 18 S as housekeeping gene). The results are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. (a) P < 0.05 compared with CD, (b) P < 0.05 compared with HC, and (c) P < 0.05 compared with HF using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test. CD, control diet; HS, high-sugar diet; HF, high-fat diet; HSHF, high-sugar/high-fat diet; Tnf –tumour necrosis factor; Tlr4, Toll-like receptor 4.