Figure 2

Effect of plant neighbourhood composition and ontogeny on plant physical traits in Quercus robur. (a) Proportion of leaf water content and (b) specific leaf area (mm2 mg-1) in adult trees (white bars) and saplings (grey bars) growing in Q. robur high-frequency and low-frequency stands. Bars are least square means ± standard error (N = 60). Asterisks indicate significant ontogenetic differences within each Q. robur stand type at P < 0.001 (***). n.s. = non-significant.