Table 1 Summary of results from mixed models testing for the effects of neighbourhood type (high- vs low-frequency of Quercus robur), ontogenetic stage (adult trees vs. saplings) and their interaction on leaf herbivory (proportion of herbivore-damaged leaves), leaf physical traits (proportion of water content and specific leaf area [SLA]) and concentration of leaf chemical defences (flavonoids, lignins, condensed and hydrolysable tannins and total phenolics) in Q. robur.

From: Interactive effects of plant neighbourhood and ontogeny on insect herbivory and plant defensive traits

 

Frequency

Ontogeny

Frequency × ontogeny

F1,19

P-value

F1,198

P-value

F1,198

P-value

Leaf herbivory

20.24

<0.001

11.45

<0.001

4.32

0.039

Flavonoids

0.31

0.581

0.25

0.616

0.76

0.384

Lignins

0.17

0.685

116.36

<0.001

1.56

0.213

Condensed tannins

0.27

0.608

96.80

<0.001

4.55

0.034

Hydrolysable tannins

3.48

0.078

8.45

0.004

0.00

0.996

Total phenolics

0.86

0.365

11.85

0.001

0.49

0.483

Water content

0.44

0.514

0.56

0.454

3.78

0.053

SLA

0.93

0.346

118.13

<0.001

0.76

0.384

  1. Herbivory was estimated as the proportion of leaves damaged by insect herbivores for two randomly chosen low-hanging branches. Herbivory data were logit-transformed to achieve normality of residuals. Site and site × neighbourhood type were included as random factors. F-values, degrees of freedom and associated P-values of fixed factors are reported. Significant P-values (P < 0.05) are typed in bold.
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