Table 1 Preoperative Patient Characteristics by Status of AKIa.

From: The Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Neurosurgical Critically Ill Patients

Characteristics

All patients (n = 624)

Non-AKI (n = 540)

AKI (n = 84)

P value

Age, years

50 (40, 60)

50 (40, 59)

54 (39, 65)

0.056

Gender (male), n (%)

283 (45.4)

244 (45.2)

40 (46.4)

0.831

BMI, kg/m2

22.5 (20.0, 25.2)

22.3(19.9, 25.2)

22.8 (20.1, 24.6)

0.845

Preexisting clinical conditions, n (%)

 Hypertension

91 (14.6)

79 (14.6)

12 (14.3)

0.934

 Diabetes mellitus

34 (5.4)

28 (5.2)

6 (7.1)

0.440

 CKD

12 (1.9)

6 (1.1)

6 (7.1)

0.002

 Cerebrovascular disease

32 (5.1)

27 (5.0)

5 (6.0)

0.789

 Hyperlipidemia

20 (3.2)

15 (2.8)

5 (6.0)

0.171

 CAD

9 (1.4)

6 (1.1)

3 (3.6)

0.108

Prior neurological surgery, n (%)

54 (8.7)

45 (8.3)

9 (10.7)

0.470

Emergency surgery, n (%)

54 (8.7)

40 (7.4)

14 (16.7)

0.005

ASA classification, n (%)

   

0.018

 I

431 (69.1)

382 (70.7)

49 (58.3)

 

 II

118 (18.9)

101 (18.7)

17 (20.2)

 

 III

27 (4.3)

23 (4.3)

4 (4.8)

 

 IV

42 (6.7)

30 (5.6)

12 (14.3)

 

 V

6 (1.0)

4 (0.7)

2 (2.4)

 

Preoperative hemoglobin, g/L

130 (119, 141)

130 (119, 141)

129 (119, 141)

0.761

Baseline serum creatinine, mg/dl

0.69 (0.59, 0.84)

0.69 (0.59, 0.84)

0.68 (0.53, 0.91)

0.704

Baseline eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

106.5 (94.8, 117.3)

106.5 (95.1, 117.3)

106.7 (87.4, 120.3)

0.488

Preoperative medication, n (%)

 Nephrotoxic drugsb

18 (2.9)

15 (2.8)

3 (3.6)

0.723

 Radiographic contrast

26 (4.2)

22 (4.1)

4 (4.8)

0.768

 Mannitol

102 (16.3)

86 (15.9)

16 (19.0)

0.472

Diagnostic group, n (%)

   

0.169

 Spine disease

32 (5.1)

31 (5.7)

1 (1.2)

 

 Hydrocephalus

22 (3.5)

19 (3.5)

3 (3.6)

 

 Intracranial tumor

461 (73.9)

399 (73.9)

62 (73.8)

 

 Traumatic brain injury

16 (2.6)

12 (2.2)

4 (4.8)

 

 Intracranial aneurysm/AVM

27 (4.3)

22 (4.1)

5 (6.0)

 

 Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

10 (1.6)

7 (1.3)

3 (3.6)

 

 Others

56 (9.0)

50 (9.3)

6 (7.1)

 
  1. aContinuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD or median (25th percentile–75th percentile, IQR). Categorical variables were expressed as a number (%). bIncludes any of the following medications administered within 5 days before operation: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, immunosuppressant, aminoglycoside, vancomycin, acyclovir, amphotericin. Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; ASA classification, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AVM, arteriovenous malformation.
Back to article page