Figure 4

The 1668 cm⁻¹, 1545 cm⁻¹ and 1033 cm⁻¹ IR peaks behavior in relation to renal inflammation, the progression of renal injury and renal fibrosis. The intensity of the urinary 1668 cm⁻¹ spectral marker (a) was significant decreased in both d8NTN and d14 NTN groups (inflammation) compared with the normal group and the fibrotic group (i.e. d21NTN and d28NTN). The intensity of the urinary 1545 cm⁻¹ spectral marker (b) increased as nephritis progressed. The 1033 cm⁻¹ spectral marker (c) showed a marked reduction in the fibrotic group compared to the normal and inflammatory groups. (Boxes are mean ± SD. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and subsequent Fisher’s LSD post hoc test for mean comparisons).