Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Inhibition of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus by a peptide derived from vFLIP through its direct destabilization of viruses

Figure 1

Anti-influenza effect of the TAT-Kα2 peptide and determination of the critical stage of virus infection for its antiviral action. Three different time points of treatment with the TAT-Kα2 and TAT-scramble peptides were compared to determine which step of virus infection is critical for inhibition. (a) Attachment step. The peptide and PR8 virus expressing GFP (PR8-GFP) were simultaneously added to MDCK cells. (b) Entry step. The cells were infected with the PR8-GFP virus for 1 h prior to the peptide treatment. (c) Pre-attachment step. Each peptide was pre-incubated with the PR8-GFP virus for 20 min at RT. For (a–c), the infected cells were detected two days later using GFP. The plaques were counted, and the virus titers are shown in the graph. (d) Transmission inhibition assay. The cells that were treated with virus only, the TAT-scramble peptide, and two different concentrations of the TAT-Kα2 peptide (20 and 40 μM) were compared to determine their capacity to inhibit virus transmission. The results are shown in the graph as percent transmission and were normalized to the 100% transmission of the virus only group.

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