Figure 1

Representation of the integrated procedure used for detecting enteroviruses (EVs) in patients diagnosed with post-polio syndrome (PPS), type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), chronic viral cardiomyopathy (CVC). Venous peripheral blood or tissue biopsies were used as clinical samples. Plasma and blood leukocytes were tested directly by molecular assays (left side). Blood leukocytes and live cells obtained from biopsies were co-cultured with cell lines (right side). Cell cultures were serially passaged 3 to 5 times. RNA was then extracted from medium of cultured cells. Molecular assay were used to detect the viral genome. For each case, the expression of enteroviral antigens in cultured cells was evaluated by immunofluorescence with a panel of anti-EV antibodies.