Table 2 Age adjusted hazard ratio of cause specific mortality from the Cause of Death Registry (all cause, circulatory and lung cancer) and incident cancer from the Norwegian Cancer Registry (breast cancer and ovarian cancer) if the first and second offspring sex was boy among fathers and mothers born 1925–54 with follow up of from age 50.

From: Offspring sex and parental health and mortality

 

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

At least one offspringa Sex of first offspring

At least two offspringb Sex of first and second offspring

Girl (ref)

boy

p-value (trend)

girl-girl (ref)

boy-girl/girl-boy

boy-boy

p-value (trend)

Mothers

 All causes (n = 93,518)

1.00

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

0.007

1.00

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

1.02 (1.00–1.05)

0.066

 Cardiovascular (n = 22,072)

1.00

1.04 (1.01–1.07)

0.008

1.00

1.00 (0.96–1.04)

1.06 (1.01–1.10)

0.011

 Lung cancer and COPD (n = 11,503)

1.00

1.01 (0.97–1.04)

0.780

1.00

0.96 (0.91–1.01)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

0.907

 Breast cancer (n = 30,649)

1.00

1.00 (0.98–1.03)

0.991

1.00

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

0.626

 Ovarian cancer (n = 6935)

1.00

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

0.925

1.00

1.04 (0.96–1.13)

1.02 (0.93–1.11)

0.783

Fathers

 All causes (n = 196,867)

1.00

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.917

1.00

0.99 (0.97–1.00)

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.819

 Cardiovascular (n = 75,557)

1.00

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.624

1.00

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

1.00 (0.98–1.03)

0.738

 Lung cancer and COPD (n = 21,994)

1.00

1.00 (0.97–1.02)

0.763

1.00

1.01 (0.98–1.05)

1.01 (0.96–1.05)

0.726

 Testicular cancer (n = 1948)

1.00

0.97 (0.89–1.06)

0.487

1.00

1.06 (0.93–1.20)

1.08 (0.94–1.24)

0.285

 Prostate cancer (n = 31,827)

1.00

1.00 (0.97–1.02)

0.920

1.00

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

0.98 (0.95–1.02)

0.340

  1. an = 661,013 for women and n = 691,124 for men. Adjusted for year of birth, education and parity.
  2. bn = 562,677 for women and n = 584,515 for men. Adjusted for year of birth, education and parity.