Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: 3D printed scaffolds of calcium silicate-doped β-TCP synergize with co-cultured endothelial and stromal cells to promote vascularization and bone formation

Figure 4

5%CS/β-TCP scaffolds enhanced angiogenesis in co-cultured HUVECs and hBMSCs. (A) Light microscopy (top) of tube formation on Matrigel, and fluorescence microscopy (bottom) of GFP-labelled HUVECs (green) stimulated for 4 h with β-TCP scaffolds or 5%CS/β-TCP scaffolds in transwell inserts, in the presence or absence of hBMSCs labelled with CM-Dil (red). (B) Co-culture of HUVECs with hBMSCs stimulated tube formation relative to monocultured HUVECs. 5%CS/β-TCP scaffolds further enhanced tube formation in co-cultured cells in comparison to pure β-TCP. (C) BMP-2 and VEGF secretion, as measured by ELISA. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. Scale bar represents 50 μm.

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