Table 1 Participants characteristics.

From: Heterogeneity of odorant identification impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

 

Normal

aMCI

AD

n (male/female)

12 (1/11)

28 (10/18)

60 (19/41)

age (year)

77.1 ± 6.4

81.0 ± 6.0

80.5 ± 6.5

age range

65–87

70–93

62–92

Barthel Index

96.3 ± 5.3

95.8 ± 6.0

93.5 ± 12.6

IADL

6.7 ± 2.0

5.8 ± 2.1

5.2 ± 2.2

MMSE

26.6 ± 3.9

24.7 ± 2.7

21.0 ± 3.3***

GDS15

4.2 ± 2.4

5.6 ± 3.6

5.8 ± 3.5

Hypertension

2 (15%)

12 (44%)

24 (40%)

Hyperlipidaemia

4 (31%)

9 (33%)

17 (28%)

Diabates

2 (15%)

4 (15%)

13 (22%)

OSIT-J total

7.3 ± 2.4

5.0 ± 3.1*

3.6 ± 2.4***

  1. * and *** denote significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) differences from normal subjects by Tukey-Kramer honest significant difference test. Numerals of age, Barthel index, MMSE, GDS15 and OSIT-J are averages ± standard deviations and that of hypertention, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes are n (%). Abbreviations: aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; IADL, instrumental activity of daily living; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; GDS15, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale; OSIT-J, odour stick identification test for Japanese.
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