Table 1 General characteristics of the included studies.
Study | Year | Study location | Design | duration of follow-up(years) | Male/Female | Age/range Mean(SD) | Study size (Cases/Participants) | Hcy comparison (µmol/L) | Adjustment for covariates | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kark, J. D.16 | 1999 | Israel | cohort | 9–11 | 808/980 | 50–92 | 405/1788 | Highest quintile vs.lowest quintile (≥14.7 vs. ≤8.52) | Age, SBP, serum glucose, health status, and serum creatinine concentration | 8 |
Bostom, A. G.12 | 1999 | USA | cohort | 10 | 795/1138 | 70 ± 7 | 653/1933 | ≥ 14.26 vs. <14.26 | Age, sex, SBP, diabetes,smoking,total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | 7 |
Hoogeveen, E. K.15 | 2000 | Netherlands | prospective nested case-control study | 5 | case: 100/71control: 297/343 | 50–75 | 171/811 | >14 vs. ≤14 | Age, sex, diabetes, Hypertension, Current smoking,Hypercholesterolemia, Serum albumin,HbA1c | 7 |
Vollset, S. E.9 | 2001 | Norway | cohort | 4.1 | 2127/2639 | 65–67 | 259/4766 | Highest quintile vs.lowest quintile (≥20 vs. ≤8.9) | Total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pack-years of smoking, BMI, physical activity, age, and sex, cardiovascular disease risk status at baseline | 7 |
Acevedo, M.11 | 2003 | USA | cohort | 3.08 ± 1.75 | 2273/1154 | 56 ± 12 | 119/3427 | Highest quartile vs.lowest quartile (≥14.4 vs. ≤9.4) | Age, Sex, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Smoking, Coronary artery disease | 6 |
González, S.14 | 2007 | Spain | cohort | 4.3 | 88/127 | 75.1 ± 6.5 | 60/215 | Highest quintile vs.lowest quintile (>16.7 vs. ≤8.7) | Age, sex, smoking habit, BMI and cognitive score | 7 |
Dangour, A. D.13 | 2008 | United Kingdom | cohort study | 7.64 | 372/481 | 78.6 (76.8, 81.2) | 429/853 | Highest tertile vs.lowest tertile (>19.4 vs. ≤9.8) | Age,sex,diabetes,history of CVD,cancer,smoking, alcohol, physical activity,folate, vitamin B-12 | 8 |
Xiu, L. L.18 | 2012 | China | cohort | 10 | 751/661 | 65–97 | 483/1412 | Highest quartile vs.lowest quartile (>14.5 vs. ≤9.3) | Age (y), sex, smoking status, BMI, physical function and general health | 8 |
Waśkiewicz, A.32 | 2012 | Poland | cohort | 5.4 | NA | 20–74 | 270/7166 | Highest tertile vs.lowest tertile (>10.50 vs. <8.20) | Sex, age, smoking status, hypertension, body mass index and the concentrations of total cholesterol, glucose and high sensitivity-C-reactive protein | 6 |
Wong, Y. Y.17 | 2012 | Australia | cohort | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 4248/0 | 70–88 | 748/4249 | ≥15 vs. <15 | Age, education, living circumstance, smoking, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, Charlson comorbidity index, renal function (eGFR), and frailty status at baseline | 6 |
Swart, K. M.10 | 2012 | Netherland | cohort | 11 | 543/574 | 75.1 ± 6.4 | 513/1117 | Highest quartile vs.lowest quartile(M: ≥ 17.57 vs. ≤11.96;F: ≥15.64 vs. ≤10.35) | Age, education level and region,creatinine, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use and physical activity level;, serum vitamin B12 | 7 |
