Table 2 The total and subgroup analyses for the relationship between Hcy levels and all-cause mortality risk.
No. of studies | Relative Risk (RR) | Model of meta-analysis | Heterogeneity | p B/p E | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR (95% CI) | p Z | I 2(%) | p H | ||||
All studies | 11 | 1.80(1.51, 2.14) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 64.8% | p = 0.002 | 0.119/0.051 |
Geographical location | |||||||
Asia | 3 | 1.57(1.14, 2.16) | p = 0.006 | Random-effects model | 65.9% | p = 0.053 | 0.117/0.075 |
North America | 2 | 1.97(1.05, 3.71) | p = 0.035, | Random-effects model | 71.0% | p = 0.063 | 0.317/NA |
Europe | 6 | 1.99(1.71, 2.33) | p < 0.001 | Fixed-effects model | 35.0% | p = 0.174 | 0.573/0.976 |
Sex | |||||||
Male | 3 | 1.44(0.96, 2.14) | p = 0.077 | Random-effects model | 68.0% | p = 0.044 | 1.000/0.502 |
Female | 2 | 1.74(1.24, 2.44) | p = 0.001 | Fixed-effects model | 0% | p = 0.528 | 1.000/NA |
Duration of follow-up, years | |||||||
<7 | 6 | 1.91(1.37, 2.67) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 71.9% | p = 0.003 | 0.091/0.008 |
≥7 | 5 | 1.75(1.56, 1.97) | p < 0.001 | Fixed-effects model | 44.5% | p = 0.125 | 1.000/0.760 |
Sample size | |||||||
<1000 | 3 | 2.03(1.68, 2.45) | p < 0.001 | Fixed-effects model | 16.9% | p = 0.300 | 0.602/0.807 |
≥ 1000 | 8 | 1.74(1.42, 2.12) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 63.5% | p = 0.008 | 0.048/0.017 |
Fasting status | |||||||
Yes | 4 | 1.84(1.44, 2.34) | p < 0.001 | Fixed-effects model | 0.1% | p = 0.391 | 0.174/0.145 |
No | 3 | 1.85(1.43, 2.40) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 70.0% | p = 0.036 | 0.602/0.619 |
NA | 4 | 1.73(1.17, 2.56) | p = 0.006 | Random-effects model | 75.1% | p = 0.007 | 0.174/0.146 |
NOS score | |||||||
<7 | 3 | 1.70(1.10, 2.62) | p = 0.016 | Random-effects model | 74.5% | p = 0.020 | 0.117/0.027 |
≥7 | 8 | 1.78(1.60, 1.99) | p < 0.001 | Fixed -effects model | 46.0% | p = 0.073 | 0.216/0.304 |
Adjustment for: | |||||||
Smoking | |||||||
Yes | 9 | 1.73(1.44, 2.08) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 67.2% | p = 0.002 | 0.144/0.154 |
No | 2 | 2.20(1.55, 3.13) | p < 0.001 | Fixed -effects model | 6.1% | p = 0.302 | 0.317/NA |
Alcohol consumption | |||||||
Yes | 2 | 1.91(1.30, 2.80) | p = 0.001 | Random-effects model | 53.4% | p = 0.143 | 0.317/NA |
No | 9 | 1.76(1.46, 2.12) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 60.2% | p = 0.01 | 0.007/0.005 |
BMI | |||||||
Yes | 5 | 1.91(1.53, 2.38) | p < 0.001 | Fixed -effects model | 26.7% | p = 0.244 | 0.327/0.334 |
No | 6 | 1.72(1.38, 2.15) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 75.7% | p = 0.001 | 0.188/0.227 |
Physical activity | |||||||
Yes | 4 | 2.10(1.76, 2.50) | p < 0.001 | Fixed -effects model | 45.9% | p = 0.136 | 1.00/0.973 |
No | 7 | 1.62(1.35, 1.93) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 50.3% | p = 0.060 | 0.051/0.029 |
CVD | |||||||
Yes | 6 | 1.94(1.42, 2.65) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 80.8% | p < 0.001 | 0.348/0.140 |
No | 5 | 1.62(1.42, 1.86) | p < 0.001 | Fixed -effects model | 0% | p = 0.667 | 0.327/0.178 |
Diabetes | |||||||
Yes | 5 | 1.69(1.32, 2.17) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 79.4% | p = 0.001 | 0.327/0.340 |
No | 6 | 1.92(1.58, 2.33) | p < 0.001 | Fixed -effects model | 8.6% | p = 0.361 | 0.188/0.289 |
Serum vitamin B12/ folate | |||||||
Yes | 2 | 1.91(1.30, 2.80) | p = 0.001 | Random-effects model | 53.4% | p = 0.143 | 0.317/NA |
No | 9 | 1.76(1.46, 2.12) | p < 0.001 | Random-effects model | 60.2% | p = 0.010 | 0.007/0.005 |
