Figure 1

Present-day rainfall’s correlations with ENSO and IOD. (a) and (b), Observed rainfall correlation with the IOD and ENSO, respectively. (c) and (d), The same as (a) and (b), but from the multi-model ensemble mean (MMEM). Areas within the green contours in (a) and (b) represent regions where the correlation is statistically significant above the 95% confidence level. The significance is calculated using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. The green contours in (c) and (d) denote areas where the sign of the correlation is consistent over 80% of CMIP5 models. All maps were generated by NCL version 6.3.0 (http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6WD3XH5).