Table 5 Comparison of Key Findings between Current and Previous Studies.

From: Asymptomatic Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Middle-Aged Population in Taiwan - A Cross-sectional Analysis

 

Dao et al.13

Bukhari et al.12

Pinna et al.14

Braich et al.11

Chen et al. 2017

Total number of participants

46

236

123

224

288

Age of all participants (mean)

27–82 (52)

15–78 (49.4)

18–54

20–75

30–60 (48.9)

Age of patients with MGD (mean)

N/A

N/A

18–54 (37.7)

20–72 (46.7)

30–60 (49)

Age of controls (mean)

N/A

N/A

18–54 (35.9)

19–75 (45.9)

30–60 (48.7)

Mean level differences between participants with and without MGD

   Male

NSD

NSD

NSD

NSD

NSD

   Female

NSD

NSD

NSD

NSD

NSD

   Total-C

HI

NSD

Higher

Higher

Higher

   LDL-C

NSD

HI

Higher

Higher

Higher

   Fasting-TG

LI

HI

Higher

Higher

Higher

   HDL-C

HI

NSD

Higher

Higher

Lower

   BMI (mean)

N/A

N/A

NSD

NSD

NSD

   Glucose

N/A

N/A

NSD

NSD

NSD

   Creatinine

N/A

N/A

NSD

NSD

N/A

Association with MGD:

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

   Higher Total-C

N/A

N/A

1.07 (1.04–1.09)

14.3 (8.2–20.7)

4.24 (2.19–8.22)

   Higher LDL-C

N/A

N/A

1.07 (1.04–1.09)

9.1 (6.6–13.2)

9.05 (4.19–19.55)

   Higher Fasting-TG

N/A

N/A

NSD (1.9–4.4)

3.2 (2.02–7.54)

3.9

   Higher HDL-C

N/A

N/A

1.11 (1.06–1.17)

NSD

2.02 (Low HDL-C) (1.04–3.90)

  1. CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HI = higher incidence; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LI = lower incidence; MGD = meibomian gland dysfunction; N/A = not available; NSD = no significant differences; TG = triglyceride; Total-C = total cholesterol.
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