Figure 7

Dilatational viscoelastic modulus E of bubble surface as a function of dilatational frequency v D . SDBS concentration was 0.1 wt %. The percent increase in E between the lowest, 0.25 wt% SiO2, and the highest 1.00 wt%, SiO2, nanoparticle concentration calculated from Eq. 8 is plotted on the secondary y-axis.