Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Escape from humoral immunity is associated with treatment failure in HIV-1-infected patients receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy

Figure 1

(a) Longitudinal changes in viral load (square) and HIV-1 CD4+ T cell count (pentacle) for VS (upper panel) and treatment failure TF (upper panel) during ART. HIV-1 vial load level of all VS was undetectable during ART, while the viral load levels of most TF fluctuated widely during ART, albeit lower than baseline viral load. Data are presented in mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three replicates. (b) Phylogenetic trees of 638 gp160 sequences at baseline between VS and TF groups. Each color represents one group (red: VS; blue: TF). Bootstrap values >85% are shown. No sequences showed evidence of cross-contamination between study subjects or contamination with laboratory strains. As expected, all sequences for each patient were clustered together. (c) Phylogenetic analysis of 552 gp160 amplicons, including 169 sequences from baseline, derived from 12 TF patients (red: baseline; blue: when viral load reached a level of >400 copies/ml; yellow: the maximum value of viral load).

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