Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Sub-nanometer surface chemistry and orbital hybridization in lanthanum-doped ceria nano-catalysts revealed by 3D electron microscopy

Figure 3

Analysis of composition and oxidation state. (a–b) Independent component analysis (ICA) of 2D EELS mapping of a La-doped ceria nanoparticle aggregate. The spatial distributions in (a) correspond to spectral components in (b). Ce M 45 spectral shifts and changes in the M 5/M 4 intensity ratios, signatures of the Ce oxidation state, are highlighted on the right. Residual plural scattering features are marked with arrows. (c) 3D volume visualization of reconstructed nanoparticle aggregate refined by a model-based EELS approach. (d) The corresponding spectra recovered by model-based EELS tomography. Ce M 45 spectral shifts and changes in the M 5/M 4 intensity ratios, signatures of the Ce oxidation state, are highlighted on the right. Scale bars are 25 nm.

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