Table 3 Subset of the knowledge graph learned using the noisy OR model. For each disease we show the full list of edges along with their corresponding importance score in parentheses. Symptoms are ordered according to importance scores.

Aphasia

problems with coordination (0.318), weakness (0.181), confusion (0.106), mental confusion (0.088), slurred speech (0.074), numbness (0.071), headache (0.049), seizures (0.045), weakness of one side of the body (0.042), difficulty speaking (0.034), blurred vision (0.018), malnutrition (0.017)

Appendicitis

pain (0.881), nausea (0.401), abdominal pain (0.361), tenderness (0.163), chills (0.152), diarrhea (0.124), vomiting (0.118), fever (0.096), loss of appetite (0.068), lower abdominal pain (0.040), cramping (0.037), constipation (0.036), discomfort (0.033), cyst (0.030), pain in right lower abdomen (0.029), sharp pain (0.023), pain during urination (0.022), pain in upper abdomen (0.020), pelvic pain (0.017), flank pain (0.016), vaginal discharge (0.013), abdominal discomfort (0.013), dull pain (0.012), infection (0.011)

Bed bug bite

skin rash (0.329), itching (0.173), anxiety (0.048), infection (0.029), sadness (0.026), depression (0.026), red spots (0.018), skin irritation (0.018), sweating (0.016), eye pain (0.015), lesion (0.012), substance abuse (0.011), hallucination (0.009), swollen feet (0.009), skin lesion (0.009), brief visual or sensory abnormality (0.009)

Bell’s palsy

numbness (0.308), weakness (0.198), headache (0.134), facial paralysis (0.071), ear pain (0.052), slurred speech (0.051), paralysis (0.046), facial pain (0.040), neck pain (0.038), facial swelling (0.037), tongue numbness (0.031), asymmetry (0.026), blurred vision (0.024), drooping of upper eyelid (0.020), lesion (0.019), malnutrition (0.019), difficulty swallowing (0.018), double vision (0.016)

Carpal tunnel syndrome

numbness (0.175), pain (0.167), hand pain (0.094), weakness (0.083), arm pain (0.071), wrist pain (0.060), swelling (0.054), hand numbness (0.041), redness (0.030), pins and needles (0.024), shoulder pain (0.024), vertigo (0.020), hand swelling (0.016), neck pain (0.016), infection (0.014), depression (0.011), sadness (0.011), anxiety (0.011), chronic back pain (0.010), back pain (0.010), malnutrition (0.010), severe pain (0.008), unsteadiness (0.008), dry skin (0.008)

Ectopic pregnancy

pain (0.537), bleeding (0.204), vaginal bleeding (0.181), abdominal pain (0.167), cramping (0.155), spotting (0.154), nausea (0.104), cyst (0.067), tenderness (0.055), lower abdominal pain (0.048), pelvic pain (0.040), diarrhea (0.031), vaginal discharge (0.023), discomfort (0.020), vomiting (0.016), back pain (0.015), vaginal pain (0.014), lightheadedness (0.011)

Kidney stone

pain (0.608), flank pain (0.495), nausea (0.232), blood in urine (0.141), pain during urination (0.084), vomiting (0.083), chills (0.067), abdominal pain (0.065), back pain (0.050), tenderness (0.040), discomfort (0.019), groin pain (0.018), severe pain (0.013), fever (0.012), testicle pain (0.011), frequent urge to urinate (0.011), lower abdominal pain (0.011), dark urine (0.011), urinary retention (0.011), sharp pain (0.010), cyst (0.010), pain in lower abdomen (0.010), diarrhea (0.009), constipation (0.008), infection (0.007), pelvic pain (0.007), side pain (0.004), dull pain (0.004)

Retinal detachment

vision loss (0.125), blurred vision (0.065), headache (0.057), neck pain (0.041), eye pain (0.039), dehydration (0.024), difficulty walking (0.023), itching (0.020), discomfort (0.018), unequal pupils (0.017), watery diarrhea (0.015), bone loss (0.015), partial loss of vision (0.014), ear pain (0.013), fast heart rate (0.012), slow bodily movement (0.009), low oxygen in the body (0.009), vision disorder (0.009), elevated alkaline phosphatase (0.009), seeing spots (0.009), abnormality walking (0.009), malnutrition (0.009)