Figure 5
NMN pretreatment induces disease resistance against F. graminearum in barley. (a) NMN was sprayed on spikes of the FHB-susceptible line H.E.S.4, followed by incubation for 4 h. A conidia solution (1 × 104 conidia/ml) of F. graminearum was then applied by spraying (n = 3). (a) Scale bars: 1 cm. (b) F. graminearum gDNA was measured by qPCR. Error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3) (Student’s t-test *P < 0.05). (c) DON was measured by QuickScan DON3 (n = 3) (Student’s t-test *P < 0.05).
