Table 6 Effect of probiotics on growth during primary stay in hospital.

Variable	No antibiotics (n = 919)	Antenatal antibiotics only (n = 396)	Postnatal antibiotics only (n = 3166)	Ante- and postnatal antibiotics (n = 3862)
Weight gain (g/d)
Effect of Probiotics	−0.6	−0.06	0.66	0.48
95% CI; p	−1.29 −0.15; 0.1	−2.8–2.7; 0.9	0.32–1; p < 0.001	0.14–0.8; 0.005
Adjusted R²	0.07	0.004	0.14	0.12
Growth velocity body length (mm/d)
Effect of Probiotics	−0.05	0.1	0.09	0.03
95% CI; p	−0.12–0.03; p = 0.2	−0.04–0.24; 0.2	0.06–0.12; p < 0.001	0–0.06; 0.05
Adjusted R²	0.001	0.009	0.012	0.004
Growth velocity head circumference (mm/d)
Effect of Probiotics	−0.02	0.014	0.04	0.02
95% CI;p	−0.07–0.02; 0.3	−0.06–0.09; 0.7	0.02–0.06; p < 0.001	0.004–0.04; 0.02
Adjusted R²	0.03	0.003	0.02	0.01

Linear regression analysis included gestational age per week, birth weight in 100 g steps, gender, multiple birth, maternal descent and exposure to Bifidobacterium infantis/Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics. Linear regression analysis included gestational age per week, birth weight in 100 g steps, gender, multiple birth, maternal descent and exposure to Bifidobacterium infantis/Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics. The effect of probiotics on weight gain as g/d growth rates in mm/d is shown as B coefficient, 95% confidence interval and p-value. Adjusted R² values indicate coefficients of determinations and adjust for the number of terms used in the model.

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