Table 1 Treatment conditions of experimental groups.
Name | Treatment | Feeding condition | Time before freezing | Storage temperature before transport | Transport temperature | UV-exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC | Sugar control | individual | 1 h | freezer (ca. −80 °C) | dry ice (ca. −80 °C) | − |
RT1 | 41 ng imidacloprid/bee | individual | 1 h | freezer (ca. −80 °C) | dry ice (ca. −80 °C) | − |
RT24 | 41 ng imidacloprid/bee | individual | 24 h | freezer (ca. −80 °C) | dry ice (ca. −80 °C) | − |
RT48 | 41 ng imidacloprid/bee | individual | 48 h | freezer (ca. −80 °C) | dry ice (ca. −80 °C) | − |
RT1mail | 41 ng imidacloprid/bee | individual | 1 h | fridge (ca. 4 °C) | ambient temperature | − |
RT24UV | 41 ng imidacloprid/bee | individual | 24 h | freezer (ca. −80 °C) | dry ice (ca. −80 °C) | + |
RT24GF | 410 ng imidacloprid/ten bees | group | 24 h | freezer (ca. −80 °C) | dry ice (ca. −80 °C) | − |
