Figure 1

Illustration of the method to obtain a subject specific cardiovascular model. (a) Visualization of the 4D Flow MRI data in the heart and the aorta. Streamlines of the velocity field at peak systole are overlaid onto a segmentation of the left heart and the aorta. The positions of the analysis planes to extract the volumetric flow waveforms required by the model (F1-F5) are indicated as red planes. These positions correspond to: the mitral valve (F1); the aortic valve (F2); the ascending aorta, upstream from the brachiocephalic trunk (F3); the aortic arch (F4) and the abdominal aorta (F5). (b) A schematic diagram of the lumped parameter model, including the location of the flow measurements derived from the model indicated as red arrows. A description of the parameters in the model is given in Table 2. The parameters are adjusted such that the model can reproduce the flow waveforms obtained with 4D Flow MRI, as well as a number of cardiovascular indices obtained non-invasively.