Figure 8 | Scientific Reports

Figure 8

From: Legionella pneumophila infection activates bystander cells differentially by bacterial and host cell vesicles

Figure 8

Differential microvesicles signalling in L. pneumophila infection of macrophages. The infection of macrophage-like THP-1 cells with L. pneumophila induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and EVs, eukaryotic exosomes and prokaryotic OMVs. While alveolar epithelial cells mostly respond to the cytokines with a pro-inflammatory response and to a weaker extent to the exosomes, macrophages respond to the released EVs. Here, the bacterial OMVs carrying the LPS are the main stimulating agent.

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