Figure 4

(a) Schematics for simulations, which includes a thin film, a straight beam, and a tortuous beam. (b) Thermal conductivity accumulation with bulk MFP Λ bulk . The blue arrow indicates the MFPs, where a direction suppression function is shown at marked figures (c,d). Direction suppression function for (c) Λ bulk = ~9 nm, (d) Λ bulk = ~100 nm, and (e) Λ bulk = ~900 nm. Heat flows from ϕ = 90 to ϕ = 270. These suppression functions are normalized with the value of a thin film, and the relative magnitude is shared among (c–e).