Table 2 Lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of Vtg induction in different fish exposed to waterborne 17a-ethynylestradiol.
Test species | Status | Exposure type and concentrations | Detected sample | LOEC Vtg indution | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | adult male | 8-day flow-through exopsure to 0.7, 2.2, 3.6, 6.6, 10.1, 13.5, 17.2, 26.1, and 90.1 ng/L | whole-body homogenate | 3.6 ng/L | |
adult male | 21-day semi-static exposure to 5, 10, 25 and 50 ng/L | plasma | 10 ng/L | ||
adult male | 21-day semistatic exposure to 0–25 ng/L | plasma | 10 ng/L | ||
juvenile | 38-day semistatic exposure to 10 and 100 ng/L | whole-body homogenate | 10 ng/L | ||
adult male | 21-day semi-static exposure to 1.67, 3.0, 7.5, 10, and 20 ng/L | plasma | 1.67 ng/L | ||
juvenile | 90-day static exposure to 0.1, 1, 10, and 25 ng/L | whole-body homogenat | 10 ng/L | ||
Medaka (Oryzias latipes) | adult male | 28-day static exposure to 10 and 100 ng/L | plasma | 10 ng/L | |
adult male | 21 day flow-through exposure to 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 ng/L | liver | 62.5 ng/L | ||
adult male | 21-day flow-through exposure to 6.2, 12.2, 24.5, 49.9, and 93.2 ng/L | plasma | 24.5 ng/L | ||
adult male | 14-day static exposure to 0.2, 5, 500, and 2,000 ng/L | plasma | 500 ng/L | ||
juvenile | 38-day semistatic exposure to 10 and 100 ng/L | whole-body homogenate | 100 ng/L | ||
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) | adult male | 7-day flow-through exposure to 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 ng/L | plasma | 5 ng/L | |
adult male | 8 day flow-through exposure to 10 and 100 ng/L | plasma | 10 ng/L | ||
adult male | 21-day static exposure to 10, 20, and 40 ng/L | plasma | 10 ng/L | ||
adult male | 21-day flow-through exposure to 0.1, 1, 3, 10, and 100 ng/L | plasma | 1 ng/L | ||
juvenile | 21-day flow-through exposure to 2, 5, and 20 ng/L | whole-body homogenate | 5 ng/L | ||
Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) | adult male | 21-day flow-through exposure to 5, 50, and 200 ng/L | plasma | 50 ng/L | |
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) | juvenile | 10-day exposure to 1, 10, 25, and 50 ng/L | plasma | 10 ng/L | |
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) | juvenile | 21-day semistatic exposure to 5, 10, and 25 ng/L | plasma | 5 ng/L | |
Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) | adult male | 16-day flow-through exposure to 20, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 ng/L | plasma | 100 ng/L | |
Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) | adult male | 7-day semistatic exposure to 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 ng/L | Plasma | 5 ng/L | |
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | juvenile | 7-day static exposure to 5 and 50 ng/L | plasma | 50 ng/L | |
Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) | adult male | 21-day static exposure to 1, 10, and 100 ng/L | plasma | 100 ng/L | |
Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) | adult male | 21-day semistatic exposure to 2, 10, and 50 ng/L | tail fin | 2 ng/L | This study |
