Table 1 Participants’ characteristics.

From: Decreased long-chain acylcarnitines from insufficient β-oxidation as potential early diagnostic markers for Parkinson’s disease

 

1st cohort

2nd cohort

Control

Parkinson’s disease

P-valuea

Control

Parkinson’s disease

P-valuea

Number

32

109

—

45

145

—

Gender (Male:Female)

14:18

59:50

0.473b

23:22

70:75

0.740b

Age [years], Mean (SD)

62.9 (12.4)

67.3 (9.99)

0.0566

63.8 (15.3)

67.5 (10.2)

0.392

Duration [years], Mean (SD)

—

6.48 (5.64)

—

—

7.04 (5.61)

—

H&Y stage, (each case number)

—

I (26), II (52), III (21), IV (9), V (1)

—

—

I (41), II (60), III (35), IV (8), V (1)

—

H&Y stage, Mean (SD)

—

2.15 (0.91)

—

—

2.09 (0.897)

—

UPDRS III, Mean (SD)

—

13.9 (10.5)

—

—

14.8 (9.84)

—

MMSE, Mean (SD)

—

28.5 (1.74)

—

28.9 (2.09)

27.8 (3.14)

<0.0001

BMI [kg/m2], Mean (SD)

24.1 (3.88)

21.9 (2.97)

0.0081

23.2 (3.59)

22.4 (3.29)

0.0867

CK [U/ml], Mean (SD)

—

—

—

118 (47.8)

134 (91.7)

0.750

Aldolase [IU/l], Mean (SD)

—

—

—

3.64 (1.54)

3.98 (1.25)

0.0142

HbA1c [%], Mean (SD)

—

—

—

5.70 (0.378)

5.74 (0.396)

0.570

NEFA [mEq/l], Mean (SD)

—

—

—

571 (200)

613 (257)

0.420

  1. Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; H&Y stage = Hoehn and Yahr stage; UPDRS = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination; BMI = Body Mass Index; CK = creatine kinase; ALD = aldolase; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; NEFA = non-esterified fatty acid.
  2. a P-value obtained by analysis of covariance between controls and PD.
  3. b P-value obtained by chi-squared test.
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