Figure 4

Mean ratings of taste intensity for Experiment 1. Error bars indicate standard error (n = 10). A two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of solution (F (1, 9) = 53.2, p = 0.00005, ηp 2 = 0.86) and odor (F (2, 18) = 8.1, p = 0.003, ηp 2 = 0.47), but the interaction between factors was not significant. Post hoc analysis showed that the ratings of taste intensity for the retronasal route condition were significantly higher than those for the orthonasal route condition (p = 0.025, η2 = 0.58) and were marginally higher than those for the orthonasal route condition and odorless condition (p = 0.018, η2 = 0.59: p = 0.048, η2 = 0.42).