Figure 4
From: The buckling instability of aggregating red blood cells
(a) 2D simulation of vesicles doublets. (1–5) for the same interaction energy ε ad = 1.16 μJ/m2 and using different combinations of reduced areas: (1) τ 1 = 0.50 and τ 2 = 0.65; (2) τ 1 = τ 2 = 0.60; (3) τ 1 = 0.60 and τ 2 = 0.65; and (4) τ 1 = τ 2 = 0.65, one identifies male-female shape (1), S-shape (2,3), and flat contact interface (4). (5) a parachute shape aggregate observed when considering the membrane stiffness as a variable; the used parameters read as τ 1 = 0.55 and τ 2 = 0.40, κ B1 = κ B2 = κ B /4, and ε ad = 0.025 μJ/m2. (6–13): 2D simulation of doublets for different interaction energies: from (6) to (13) ε ad = 0, 0.07, 0.34, 1.37, 2.47, 2.54, 3.02, 5.21, 8.23 μJ/m2. The reduced area of both cells is fixed to τ 1 = τ 2 = 0.65. (b) The amplitude of deformation of the contact zone between the doublets as function of the interaction energy for different combinations of reduced areas.
