Figure 3
ERM cells play roles in PDL width regulation and calcification. (a) HE-stained image at 8 weeks after ihCEM [HUVEC]/ERM/ihPDL tri-layered cell sheet transplantation. (b) High magnification of panel a. Thin, calcified tissue formed on the surface of the fixture. The alveolar bone healed well in the direction of the fixture. The PDL-like tissue formed between the thin, calcified tissue and the alveolar bone. (c) M-T-stained image. The arrows indicate the red areas on the blue calcified tissue, indicating newly formed calcifying tissue. (d,h) Resorcin-fuchsin staining. Arrows indicate the oxytalan fibres in the PDL-like tissue. (e,f) IHC of periostin and fibrillin 1. In the PDL-like connective tissue, both PDL markers were strongly positive. (g) IHC of HLA. All PDL-like tissues and the areas of alveolar bone near the fixture showed positive signalling. (i,m) IHC of pan keratin (an ERM marker). Pan keratin positive cells were observed in the PDL-like tissue (arrows). (j,n) IHC of nestin (a nerve marker). Nestin positive cells were observed in the PDL-like tissue (arrows). (k,o) IHC of vWF. Small blood vessels were formed in the PDL-like tissue and alveolar bone (arrows). (l,p) IHC of GFP. Arrows shows blood vessels in the PDL-like tissue originated from GFP tagged HUVECs. Scale bars, (a) 500 μm; (b–g,i–p) 100 μm; (h) 50 μm.
