Table 2 Average physiological and behavioural variables in llama dams (n = 7) during two weeks at four different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter, see text for details) under central European climatic conditions.

Body mass

(kg)

150.4^d

154.4^c

163.7^a

159.1^b

9.13

36.56

<0.001

Body condition score

(points)

3.11^b

3.14^bc

3.38^a

3.36^ac

0.21

6.25

0.004

Field metabolic rate

(MJ d⁻¹)

18.33^bc

25.87^a

20.70^abc

17.48^c

1.53

6.14

0.005

(kJ kg^−0.75 d⁻¹)

401^b

586^a

427^b

402^b

37.5

5.87

0.006

Total body water

(%)

60.97

63.49

63.94

63.92

1.61

2.31

0.112

Total water intake

(L d⁻¹)

6.55^b

9.17^a

7.55^ab

4.22^c

0.44

23.35

<0.001

Daily activity

(%)

32.80^a

29.32^ab

26.31^b

16.08^c

1.03

54.90

<0.001

Distance travelled

(km d⁻¹)

1.64^b

1.74^a

1.50^c

1.01^d

0.03

185.6

<0.001

Daily body temperature

(°C)

38.55^ab

38.62^a

38.53^b

38.40^c

0.03

20.58

<0.001

Daily minimum

(°C)

37.49^ab

37.44^ac

37.60^b

37.40^c

0.05

17.45

<0.001

Daily maximum

(°C)

38.64^ab

38.75^b

38.52^a

38.47^a

0.06

9.39

0.001

Daily range

(°C)

1.15^ab

1.30^a

0.92^b

1.06^b

0.08

7.94

0.002