Table 1 Literature overview context conditioning in humans.

From: Context conditioning in humans using commercially available immersive Virtual Reality

Publication	Paradigm	Context manipulation	Measures: During task			US exp.	fMRI	Before and after task		Anxiety	STAI-S	After task
Publication	Paradigm	Context manipulation	FPS	SCR	SCL	US exp.	fMRI	Arousal	Affect/Valence	Anxiety	STAI-S	PANAS	Contingency
Kroes et al., current submission	CTX	iVR, 1a	✓	✓				✓	✓				✓
Troger et al.⁷⁴.*	CTX	iVR, 2b	✓	✓				✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Glotzbach⁵⁹	CTX	iVR, 2b	✓		✓			✓	✓	✓			✓
Glotzbach-Schoon et al.⁵⁶	CTX	iVR, 2b	✓		✓					✓			✓
Glotzbach-Schoon et al.⁹²	CTX	iVR, 2b	✓		✓					✓	✓	✓	✓
Glotzbach-Schoon et al.⁵⁸	CTX	iVR, 2b	✓		✓	✓				✓	✓	✓	✓
Andreatta et al.⁴⁰	CTX	iVR, 2b&c					✓			✓	✓	✓	✓
Andreatta et al.⁴⁸	CTX	iVR, 2b	✓		✓			✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
LaBar et al.²⁴	Cue in CTX	Test room		✓
Neuman et al.²⁶	Cue in CTX	Test room				✓
Schiller et al.⁴⁴	Cue in CTX	Test room		✓
Huff et al.²⁷	Cue in CTX	Test room		✓
Huff et al.³⁵	Cue in CTX	Full iVR, 3		✓		✓
Muhlberger et al.⁷⁵	Cue in CTX	iVR, 2b	✓							✓
Dunsmoor et al.³⁷	Cue in CTX	VR, 3b	✓
Ahs, et al.³⁹	Cue in CTX	VR, 3c		✓		✓				✓
Baas et al.³⁰	Cue in CTX	2D Movie	✓							✓			✓
Baas et al.⁷⁶	Cue in CTX	2D Movie				✓				✓			✓
Grillon et al.⁷⁷	Cue in CTX	2D Movie	✓							✓
Alvarez et al.⁴¹	Cue in CTX	2D Movie	✓	✓						✓
Alvarez et al., 2008⁹⁴	Cue in CTX	2D Movie	✓
Grillon et al., 2008⁹⁵	Cue in CTX	2D Movie	✓
Armony et al.²⁸	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓			✓
Milad et al.²⁹	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓
Kalisch et al.⁷⁸	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓			✓
Milad et al.⁴³	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓			✓
Marschner et al.⁷⁹	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓		✓	✓
Neumann et al.⁸⁰	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓		✓
Pace-Schott et al.⁸¹	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓
Rougemont-Bucking et al.⁸²	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓			✓
Van Ast et al.⁸³	Cue in CTX	2D Static	✓	✓		✓			✓			✓
Balooch et al.⁸⁴	Cue in CTX	2D Static	✓			✓
Haaker et al.⁹³	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓		✓	✓
Haaker et al.⁸⁶***	Cue in CTX	2D Static	✓	✓									✓
Londsdorf et al., 2014⁹⁴	Cue in CTX	2D Static	✓			✓
Glenn et al., 2014⁹⁸	Cue in CTX	2D Static	✓			✓		✓
Londsdorf et al., 2015⁸⁵	Cue in CTX	2D Static	✓		✓	✓
Kastner et al.⁹⁵**	Cue in CTX	2D Static						✓	✓	✓
Kroes et al.⁴⁵	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓			✓						✓
Haaker et al.⁸⁶	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓		✓
Sjouwerman et al.⁸⁷	Cue in CTX	2D Static	✓	✓				✓					✓
Hermann et al.⁸⁸	Cue in CTX	2D Static		✓			✓
Kuhn et al.⁸⁹	Cue in CTX-ITI	2D Static	✓	✓	✓		✓		✓	✓
Ameli et al.⁹⁰	Cue in CTX-ITI	N/A	✓					✓	✓		✓
Grillon et al.⁹¹	Cue in CTX-ITI	N/A	✓		✓			✓	✓
Grillon et al.⁷³	Cue in CTX-ITI	N/A	✓							✓

Paradigm: CTX = context conditioning, conditioning paradigm where no other cues signal the onset of the unconditioned stimulus. Cue in CTX = cue in context, paradigm where specific cues signal the onset of the unconditioned stimulus dependent on the context in which they occur. Cue in CTX-ITI = Cue in context-inter trial interval, paradigm where specific cues signal the onset of the unconditioned stimulus and defensive responses during inter-trial intervals are taken as a index for context conditioned responses. Context manipulation: iVR = Immersive virtual reality, context manipulation is achieved using head-mounted virtual reality display where head movements are translated into changes in field of view. Test room = context manipulation is achieved by physically moving participants and testing them in different lab spaces. Full iVR = Full immersive Virtual Reality, context manipulation is achieved within room-sized cube (CAVE-like) where the environment is projected onto the walls, floor and ceiling and head movements are translated into changes in field of view. 2D movie = context manipulation is design in 3D but presented as a movie on a 2D computer screen or projected on a screen. 2D static = context manipulation is achieved by presenting a background image. N/A = not applicable, these studies do not manipulate context but take responses during inter-trial intervals as an index of context conditioned responses. *This study also measured heart rate during the task. **This study also measured EEG during the task. ***This study also measured fear ratings during the task. +This study assessed responses during inter-trial-intervals as a proxy for context conditioned responses. FPS = fear potentiated startle; SCR = skin conductance responses; SCL = skin conductance level; US exp. = unconditioned stimulus expectancy ratings; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging; STAI-S = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-S; PANAS – Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale. References: 24,25,26,27,28,29,30, 35, 38,39,40, 46, 48, 58, 59, 72, 74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95. We apologize for any possible mistakes in our assessment of publications or omission of literature.

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Table 1 Literature overview context conditioning in humans.

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