Figure 5

Innate signals regulate the neutrophilia, IL-6 and TNF-α in stingray venom inflammation. Stingray venom (300 μg/ml) in 500 μl or sterile saline were injected i.p. into C57BL/6 WT or mast cell-deficient Kit Wsh/Wsh, ST2^−/−, and AHR^−/−; or in TLR2/4^−/−, MyD88^−/− and TRIF^−/−; or in NLRP3^−/−, ICE^−/− and IL-1β^−/−; or in P2RX7^−/− and CD39^−/−; or in IL-17A^−/− and IL-17RA^−/−, or in TBX21^−/− and IL-18R^−/−. Two hours later, peritoneal cells were harvested and aliquots applied on glass slides were stained and neutrophils (A) were counted in a proportion of total cells. IL-6 (B) and TNF-α (C) were analyzed by CBA in the peritoneal exudates of C57BL/6 WT or deficient mice. Results represent mean ± SEM. Pooled results of two independent experiments are shown. *p < 0.05 compared with the control-group (dotted line) and ^# p < 0.05 compared to WT mice injected with ray venom.