Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Identification of Novel Non-secosteroidal Vitamin D Receptor Agonists with Potent Cardioprotective Effects and devoid of Hypercalcemia

Figure 3

In vitro anti-apoptotic and anti-hypertrophic effect of three lead compounds. (A) Cell viability assay of three lead compounds on 294 HEK cells. V = Vehicle, H = H2O2. * =p < 0.05 vs H. N = 4. (B,C) Effect of PE on three lead compounds on Anf (B) and Tnf-α (C) mRNA expression in ARCM in vitro. mRNA level was determined using real-time PCR. Anf = atrial natriuretic factor, Gapdh = Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, PE = phenylephrine. *p < 0.05 vs PE. N = 4. (D–G) Effect of VDR 4-1 on Anf mRNA expression to PE (D), ET-1 (E), ISO (F), and AgII (G) in ARCM in vitro. ET-1 = endothelin-1, ISO = isoproterenol, AgII = angiotensin II. *p < 0.05 vs Veh, **p < 0.05 vs PE or ET-1; N = 4/group. (H,I) Heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratio (H) and Anf mRNA expression (I) in mouse hearts after infusion of PE (30 mg/kg/day) via osmotic pump for 7 days. Con = control, Veh = vehicle, VDR = VDR 4-1 (0.6 μμg/kg). Drugs were injected 3x/week i.p. *p < 0.05 vs Con, **p < 0.05 vs Veh; N = 4/group.

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