Table 1 Comparison of structural, functional and metabolic features of hPSC-CMs cultured in GLCM, LACM and GFAM and other approaches reported in the literature with human adult CMs.
Maturation Strategy | Structure | Contractility | Metabolism | Time in culture (day) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aspect ratio | Circularity index | Surface area (µm2) | Contractile Force | Metabolism | OCR (pmoles/min) | |||
GLCM d10 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1359 ± 299 | 0.3 ± 0.05 (mN/mm 2) | Glycolytic | — | 10 | |
Metabolic substrate manipulation | GLCM d20 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 2137 ± 367 | 0.27 ± 0.12 (mN/mm 2) | Glycolytic | 107 ± 30 | 20 |
FAM d10 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 1202 ± 297 | 0.33 ± 09 (mN/mm 2) | Oxidative | 211 ± 60 | 10 | |
LacM d10 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 743 ± 245 | 0.28 ± 0.1 (mN/mm 2) | Oxidative | — | 10 | |
LACM&GFAM d20 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 1093 ± 281 | 0.48 ± 0.24 (mN/mm 2) | Oxidative | 170 ± 26 | 20 | |
GFAM d10 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 786 ± 174 | 0.43 ± 0.23 (mN/mm 2) | Oxidative | — | 10 | |
GFAM d20 | 6.5 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 1021 ± 323 | 0.4 ± 0.1 (mN/mm 2) | Oxidative | 170 ± 26 | 20 (35 total) | |
T3 hormone treatment)8 | — | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 991 ± 58 | 12.3 ± 0.7 (nN/cell) | — | ~169–216 | 7 (27 total) | |
Pluricyte Medium (with T3 hormone)54 | — | — | 2169 ± 110 | 0.5 ± 0.0 (mN/mm 2) | — | — | 20 (33 total) | |
Electrical stimulation 3D culture5 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | — | — | — | — | — | 4 (23 total) | |
Mechanical and electrical stimulation 3D scaffold7 | — | — | 795 ± 46 | 1.3 ± 0.2 (mN/mm 2) | — | — | 14 (40 total) | |
Overexpression of let-750 | — | — | let-7i: 1110 ± 101 let-7g: 980 ± 95 | Let-7i: 11.3 ± 0.9 Let-7g: 9.3 ± 0.7 (nN/cell) | — | ~150–200 | Transduced at day 12 (30 total) | |
Time in culture4 | — | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 1716 ± 150 | — | — | — | 80–120 total | |
5–9.5:1 | – | 10212–14418 | 40–80 (mN/mm 2) (muscle strips) | Oxidative | — | — | ||
