Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the enrolled subjects stratified by smoking status.

From: Smoking, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and their combined effects on metabolic parameters: Evidence from a large cross-sectional study

 

Ever-smokers

Non-smokers

non-OSAS (n = 51)

OSAS (n = 287)

p value

non-OSAS (n = 87)

OSAS (n = 294)

p value

Age, years

38.65 ± 11.14

42.16 ± 10.00

0.02

35.60 ± 10.98

41.32 ± 12.21

<0.01

BMI, Kg/m2

24.61 ± 3.01

26.88 ± 3.18

<0.01

23.83 ± 2.41

26.08 ± 3.08

<0.01

NC, cm

38.29 ± 2.40

39.97 ± 2.47

<0.01

37.82 ± 2.22

39.27 ± 2.56

<0.01

WC,cm

89.21 ± 7.89

96.16 ± 8.39

<0.01

86.86 ± 7.65

93.76 ± 7.91

<0.01

HC,cm

97.29 ± 5.56

100.7 ± 6.23

<0.01

96.45 ± 5.75

99.70 ± 6.28

<0.01

WHR

0.92 ± 0.04

0.95 ± 0.05

<0.01

0.90 ± 0.05

0.94 ± 0.05

<0.01

Glucose (mmol/L)

5.10 ± 0.50

5.38 ± 0.84

0.02

4.99 ± 0.53

5.38 ± 0.83

<0.01

Insulin (uU/ml)

7.59 (5.33~11.59)

10.18 (6.69~14.49)

0.01

7.36 (5.45~10.68)

10.23 (6.69~15.53)

<0.01

HOMA-IR

1.76 (1.16~2.62)

2.41 (1.52~3.59)

<0.01

1.63 (1.11~2.35)

2.36 (1.51~3.57)

<0.01

SBP, mmHg

118.3 ± 14.32

121.1 ± 14.95

0.22

118.5 ± 15.00

119.8 ± 14.33

0.44

DBP, mmHg

75.29 ± 9.66

75.23 ± 10.36

0.96

74.91 ± 9.68

75.65 ± 9.39

0.43

TC (mmol/L)

4.68 ± 0.82

4.85 ± 0.94

0.24

4.61 ± 0.96

4.79 ± 0.97

0.11

TG (mmol/L)

1.42 ± 0.57

1.88 ± 1.11

<0.01

1.42 ± 0.89

1.83 ± 1.11

<0.01

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.18 ± 0.35

1.08 ± 0.23

0.01

1.17 ± 0.29

1.10 ± 0.23

0.03

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.04 ± 0.68

3.18 ± 0.81

0.25

3.02 ± 0.82

3.17 ± 0.84

0.15

ESS

7 (2~11)

9 (6~13)

<0.01

5.5 (2~10)

8 (4~11)

<0.01

AHI

2.41 (0.80~3.97)

23.10 (13.20~48.70)

<0.01

2.0 (0.97~3.43)

20.55 (11.58~38.89)

<0.01

Mean SaO2

96.26 ± 1.55

94.04 ± 2.98

<0.01

96.29 ± 1.29

94.42 ± 2.86

<0.01

Minimum SaO2

91.00 ± 9.86

78.19 ± 11.46

<0.01

92.23 ± 3.67

80.20 ± 10.57

<0.01

ODI

2.20 (0.80~4.70)

25.40 (13.60~50.30)

<0.01

2.10 (0.9~4.0)

23.30 (12.60~41.55)

<0.01

MAI

20.90 (12.60~30.40)

27.10 (14.60~42.00)

<0.01

17.7 (9.68~25.13)

26.05 (16.83~39.10)

<0.01

  1. Normally distributed data were presented as means ± standard deviation (SD), medians (interquartile range) and categorical data were presented as the number (percentage).
  2. Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; NC, neck circumference; WC, waist circumference, HC, hip circumference; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index; WHR, waist circumference/hip circumference ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; SaO2, oxygen saturation; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; MAI, Micro-arousal index; ESS, Epworth sleepiness score; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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