Table 3 Inflammation, oxidative stress levels, sleep and functional and health-related outcomes before and after treatment in patients with stroke (N = 20).

From: A Preliminary Investigation of the Association of Sleep With Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Functional Outcomes After Stroke Rehabilitation

Outcome

Pre-treatment (Mean ± SD)

Post-treatment (Mean ± SD)

P value

Inflammatory and oxidative markers

    sICAM-1

275.34 ± 80.38

258.48 ± 74.97

0.55

    GPx

36.17 ± 11.47

37.66 ± 11.34

0.48

    MDA

4.02 ± 1.26

3.55 ± 1.08

0.01*

Sleep

    PSQI total score (0–21)

6.6 ± 2.19

6.3 ± 2.66

0.68

    Sleep percent (actigraph)

41.87 ± 6.66

43.01 ± 7.07

0.26

    Number of awakenings (actigraph)

88.53 ± 35.26

79.55 ± 38.01

0.32

Functional and health-related outcomes

    mRS (0–5)

3.25 ± 0.85

2.35 ± 0.99

0.001*

    WMFT-time (0–120 s)

11.44 ± 8.84

10.40 ± 6.48

0.58

    WMFT-FAS (0–5)

2.22 ± 0.89

2.69 ± 1.03

 <0.001*

    SIS-total (0–100)

59.37 ± 13.19

65.27 ± 13.81

0.003*

    SIS-physical function

46.42 ± 17.14

56.75 ± 19.56

0.001*

    SIS-stroke recovery

52.00 ± 19.29

55.25 ± 19.50

0.35

  1. sICAM-1 = Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; GPx = Glutathione peroxidase; MDA = Malondialdehyde; PSQI = Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index; mRS = modified Rankin Scale; WMFT-time = performance time of the Wolf Motor Function Test; WMFT-FAS = functional ability scale of the Wolf Motor Function Test; SIS = Stroke Impact Scale; SD = standard deviation. *p < 0.05.
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