Figure 2

Profiles of PD-1⁺ CD4⁺ T cells and Tregs and IL-10 production. (a,b,e,f,i) The percentage of cells or the expression level of markers on cells compared between uninfected and asymptomatic infected children at baseline. The expression levels are based on geomean fluorescent intensities (MFI). Bar graphs show means and standard errors of the mean. (c,d,g,h,j) The percentage of cells or the expression level of markers on cells in children uninfected at either the 9 or 21 months’ time point, plotted against the time period these children had been free of infection (see description Fig. 1). (k) IL-10 cytokine production by PBMCs in supernatant in response to in vitro PfRBC stimulation, after background subtraction of responses to uninfected RBC. l) IL-10 cytokine production in children uninfected at either the 9 or 21 months’ time point, plotted against the time period these children had been uninfected.