Table 3 ESRD risk score based on the final multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards model.
Risk factor | β (SE) | Mean or proportion | P-value | Risk score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | ||||
Age | 0.02 (0.004) | 61.03 | <0.001 | −2 to 8 |
Gender (male) | −0.01 (0.07) | 0.47 | 0.89 | 0 |
Age of diabetes onset (years) (ref: <45) | ||||
≥45 | −0.56 (0.10) | 0.80 | <0.001 | −6 |
Diabetes-related factor and biomarker | ||||
Creatinine (mg/dL) (ref: <2.0) | ||||
2.0–4.0 | 2.57 (0.10) | 0.02 | <0.001 | 29 |
>4.0 | 2.65 (0.22) | 0.004 | <0.001 | 30 |
Variation in HbA1c (%) (ref: <8.5) | ||||
8.5–17.5 | 0.23 (0.09) | 0.33 | 0.01 | 3 |
>17.5 | 0.48 (0.09) | 0.34 | <0.001 | 6 |
Variation in systolic blood pressure (%) (ref: <4.4) | ||||
4.4–8.7 | −0.08 (0.09) | 0.33 | 0.40 | −1 |
>8.7 | 0.24 (0.09) | 0.34 | 0.005 | 3 |
Diabetes-related disorders | ||||
Diabetes retinopathy | 0.88 (0.17) | 0.01 | <0.001 | 10 |
Albuminuria | 0.50 (0.09) | 0.12 | <0.001 | 6 |
Medication use | ||||
Anti-diabetes medications (ref: no medication) | ref | ref | ref | 0 |
Oral only | −0.60 (0.21) | 0.86 | 0.004 | −7 |
Insulin | 0.45 (0.23) | 0.04 | 0.05 | 5 |
Insulin+oral agent | 0.12 (0.23) | 0.06 | 0.60 | 2 |
Hypertension medications | ||||
No | ||||
SBP<130 and DBP<85 | ref | ref | ref | 0 |
SBP:130–139 or DBP:85–89 | 0.12 (0.21) | 0.14 | 0.55 | 1 |
SBP:140–159 or DBP:90–99 | 0.46 (0.20) | 0.12 | 0.02 | 5 |
SBP≥160 or DBP≥100 | 0.72 (0.25) | 0.03 | 0.005 | 8 |
Yes | ||||
SBP<130 and DBP<85 | 0.99 (0.17) | 0.11 | <0.001 | 11 |
SBP:130–139 or DBP:85–89 | 1.06 (0.17) | 0.13 | <0.001 | 12 |
SBP:140–159 or DBP:90–99 | 1.33 (0.16) | 0.19 | <0.001 | 15 |
SBP≥160 or DBP≥100 | 1.65 (0.17) | 0.08 | <0.001 | 19 |
Hyperlipidemia medications | ||||
No | ||||
Total cholesterol: <200 | ref | ref | ref | 0 |
Total cholesterol: 200–239 | 0.34 (0.12) | 0.16 | 0.005 | 4 |
Total cholesterol: ≥240 | 0.53 (0.17) | 0.04 | 0.002 | 6 |
Yes | ||||
Total cholesterol: <200 | 0.36 (0.11) | 0.17 | <0.001 | 4 |
Total cholesterol: 200–239 | 0.35 (0.11) | 0.15 | 0.002 | 4 |
Total cholesterol: ≥240 | 0.91 (0.11) | 0.09 | <0.001 | 10 |
