Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors associated with PTSD at one year after vaginal delivery.
Women’s characteristics | PTSD profile by TES scale 1 (n = 527) | IES score ≥26 (n = 526) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 497) | Yes (n = 30) | OR | 95% CI | No (n = 505) | Yes (n = 21) | OR | 95% CI | |
Age (years) | ||||||||
<25 | 52 (10.5) | 5 (16.7) | 1.6 | 0.6–4.4 | 55 (10.9) | 3 (14.3) | 1.4 | 0.4–5.1 |
25–34 | 364 (73.2) | 22 (73.3) | ref. | ref. | 367 (72.7) | 14 (66.7) | ref. | ref. |
≥35 | 81 (16.3) | 3 (10.0) | 0.6 | 0.2–2.1 | 83 (16.4) | 4 (19.0) | 1.3 | 0.4–3.9 |
French nationality | 493 (99.1) | 28 (96.6) | 0.2 | 0.02–2.1 | 498 (98.8) | 21 (100.0) | — | — |
Tobacco use | ||||||||
Never | 358 (72.5) | 17 (58.6) | ref. | ref. | 365 (72.8) | 14 (66.7) | ref. | ref. |
Never during pregnancy | 67 (13.5) | 7 (24.1) | 2.2 | 0.9–5.5 | 67 (13.4) | 3 (14.3) | 1.2 | 0.3–4.2 |
Yes during pregnancy | 69 (14.0) | 5 (17.2) | 1.5 | 0.5–4.3 | 69 (13.8) | 4 (19.0) | 1.5 | 0.5–4.7 |
Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | ||||||||
<18.5 | 32 (6.4) | 0 (0.0) | — | — | 32 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | — | — |
18.5–24.9 | 365 (73.4) | 20 (69.0) | ref. | ref. | 364 (72.2) | 15 (71.4) | ref. | ref. |
25.0–29.9 | 74 (14.9) | 6 (20.7) | 1.6 | 0.6–4.1 | 77 (15.3) | 5 (23.8) | 1.7 | 0.6–4.9 |
≥30 | 26 (5.2) | 3 (10.3) | 2.3 | 0.6–8.2 | 31 (6.2) | 1 (4.8) | 0.8 | 0.1–6.7 |
Nulliparous | 228 (46.1) | 15 (51.7) | 1.2 | 0.6–2.6 | 233 (46.4) | 10 (47.6) | 1.0 | 0.4–2.5 |
Previous abortion | 44 (8.9) | 7 (24.1) | 3.3 | 1.3–8.1 | 45 (9.0) | 5 (23.8) | 3.2 | 1.1–9.1 |
Previous PPH | 11 (2.2) | 3 (10.3) | 5.1 | 1.3–19.4 | 13 (2.6) | 1 (4.8) | 1.9 | 0.2–15.1 |
Uterine scar | 30 (6.0) | 1 (3.4) | 0.6 | 0.1–4.2 | 30 (5.9) | 2 (9.5) | 1.7 | 0.4–7.5 |
Complication during pregnancy* | 92 (18.8) | 5 (18.5) | 1.0 | 0.4–2.6 | 96 (19.4) | 1 (5.3) | 0.2 | 0.03–1.7 |
Hospitalization >24 h | 44 (8.9) | 6 (20.7) | 2.7 | 1.0–6.9 | 49 (9.7) | 3 (14.3) | 1.5 | 0.4–5.5 |
Labor characteristics | ||||||||
Induction of labor | 75 (15.1) | 4 (13.3) | 0.9 | 0.2–2.6 | 78 (15.4) | 6 (28.6) | 2.2 | 0.7–6.2 |
Duration of labor >6 h | 165 (33.3) | 13 (44.8) | 1.6 | 0.8–3.5 | 171 (34.0) | 12 (57.1) | 2.6 | 1.1–6.2 |
Epidural analgesia | 477 (96.0) | 28 (97.0) | 1.2 | 0.1–9.1 | 483 (95.8) | 21 (100.0) | — | — |
Oxytocin during labor** | 390 (78.5) | 25 (86.2) | 1.7 | 0.6–5.0 | 399 (79.2) | 19 (90.5) | 2.5 | 0.6–10.1 |
Instrumental delivery | 55 (11.1) | 7 (23.3) | 2.4 | 1.0–6.0 | 59 (11.7) | 7 (33.3) | 3.8 | 1.5–9.7 |
Episiotomy | 190 (38.2) | 17 (56.7) | 2.1 | 1.0–4.4 | 201 (39.8) | 11 (52.4) | 1.7 | 0.7–4.0 |
3rd- or 4th-degree perineal lacerations | 6 (1.2) | 1 (3.3) | 2.8 | 0.3–24.2 | 6 (1.9) | 1 (4.8) | 4.2 | 0.5–36.2 |
Manual removal of placenta | 30 (6.0) | 2 (6.7) | 1.1 | 0.2–4.9 | 29 (5.7) | 1 (4.8) | 0.8 | 0.1–6.3 |
Blood loss ≥500 ml | 54 (10.9) | 4 (13.3) | 1.3 | 0.4–3.7 | 56 (11.1) | 3 (14.3) | 1.3 | 0.4–4.7 |
Blood loss ≥1,000 ml | 12 (2.4) | 1 (3.3) | 1.4 | 0.2–11.1 | 12 (2.4) | 2 (9.5) | 4.3 | 0.9–20.6 |
Immediate postpartum period | ||||||||
Hemoglobin level <9 g/dl at day 2 | 42 (8.5) | 6 (21.4) | 2.9 | 1.1–7.6 | 45 (9.0) | 5 (26.3) | 3.6 | 1.2–10.4 |
Neonatal outcome | ||||||||
Birth weight (g) | ||||||||
<2500 | 6 (1.2) | 1 (3.4) | 3.0 | 0.3–26.3 | 6 (1.2) | 1 (4.8) | 4.5 | 0.5–40.0 |
2500–3999 | 457 (92.0) | 25 (86.2) | ref. | ref. | 464 (92.1) | 17 (80.9) | ref. | ref. |
>4000 | 34 (6.8) | 3 (10.3) | 1.6 | 0.5–5.6 | 34 (6.7) | 3 (14.3) | 2.4 | 0.7–8.6 |
5-min Apgar score <7 | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | — | — | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | — | — |
pH <7.00 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | — | — | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | — | — |
Transfer to neonatal intensive care unit | 13 (2.6) | 1 (3.4) | 1.3 | 0.2–10.5 | 12 (2.4) | 2 (9.5) | 4.3 | 0.9–20.5 |
